The Pharmacist Role for the Diabetes Education

DM Patients are Advised
to Seek Health Care = = Professionals for:

l&= #13;

lRetinopathy screening =

lFoot examinations

lGlycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <= /span>tests

lLipid testing

lBlood pressure monitoring on a regular basis=

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DM Oftentimes Affects

lPhysicians

lPharmacists

lNurses

lDieticians

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Problems DM Patients Face = in Obtaining Acc= urate Information or Assistance

lDifficulties in learning about DM lHard to understand medical terminology lLack of instructional seminars for the laymen lConfusion of info from various sources

lWhat you can do to learn more about DM <= /span>lFind a good health professional <= /span>lFind articles in newspapers and magazines lLearn to search the web for specific info =

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%;visibility:hidden'>l

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Apathetic DM Patients

lWithout motivation to impro= ve their lives

= lHave a sense of hopelessnes= s since there is no cure, only a li= fetime of treatment and special diet

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.97%;top:.22em'>lPrefer to remain as they ar= e

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.45%;top:.22em'>lToo depressed to better the= ir situation

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The DM Patient and the MD

lProblems:

lPatients do not like visits to an MD’s office

lIgnore MD’s advice regarding diet and taking medication

lDepressed due to lack of cure for DM <= /span>

l<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>

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The Goal of DM Education is to Help Patients

lKnowledge of the disease= 3;

lHow to obtain information&#= 13;

lSelf-care practices

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.97%;top:.22em'>lLearning skills to better c= ope with DM

= lA positive attitude that pr= omotes an effective treatment for diabetes care

lImprove long-term health

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Why are Pharmacists a good= <= span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:82%;mso-fareast-language:KO'>source for the diabetic patient?

lDM patients visit pharmacies often than the non-diabetic patie= nt lOffers patient counseling r= egarding the purchase of DM related products lAbility to explain and recommend good health care maintenanc= e

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.32%;top:.22em'>lHelps with usage of OTC pro= ducts

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Pharmacists are in a Uniqu= e Position

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lProvides knowledge about medications

lOffers professional consultation

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lCan be the responsible care giver needed

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lIs easily accessible when help is required

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Common Problems = Pharmacists Encounter

lLack of motivation by patie= nts

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.54%;top:.22em'>lFinancial and/or time constraints

lLimited knowledge

lDuplication of services = ;

lNot dietary specialists = ;

lLimited liability

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.97%;top:.22em'>lNo compensation for time and efforts

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The Benefits to the Pharma= cist as a DM Educa= tor

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.09%;top:.22em'>lPositive Reputation in Neig= hborhood

lRecognized Specialist in the field

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.53%;top:.22em'>lSave government funding for= DM

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How To Best Educate Patients?

lImprove Attitude(A)

lProvide Learning Skills(B)&= #13;

lImpart Knowledge(C)

lInteractive Learning Strategies

lCollaborative Approach =

lEducate Family Members =

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Effective Educational Tools and Needs

lConsultation Area or Classr= oom

lAdvertising via Newsletters/Brochures

lReading Materials

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Areas of Concern to be Targeted

lSelf-Glucose Monitoring

lNutrition

lExercise

lHbA1c

lMedication

lHypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia

lFoot Care

lLong-term Complications

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DM Class Programming

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lClass 1 <= /span>

lFacts about <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:44.25%;left:12.17%;width:36.14%;height:5.5%= '>Diabetes

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lHbA1c

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lClass 2 <= /span>

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lNutrition

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lExercise =

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lMonitoring

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lClass 3 <= /span>

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lFoot care

lSick-day Management

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lClass 4 <= /span>

<= span class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-10.36%;top:.22em'>lHypoglycemia

lDM complications

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Facts about Diabetes

lBasic Information about Diabetes

lThe Pre-diabetic Condition&= #13;

lType I, II

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.58%;top:.22em'>lPrevalence, Cost and Prevention

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.35%;top:.22em'>lCauses, Symptoms and Diagno= sis

lTreatment Planning

lInsulin and Glucagon Hormon= e

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Recent Prevalence of Type II = Adolescent Diabetes<= /span>

l Young adult type II DM is increasing due to:

lLack of Exercise

lStress

lHigh caloric food intake= 3;

lOverweight/Obesity

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.29%;top:.22em'>lPopularity of PC video game= s, etc.

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Juvenile Diabetes

lType I DM

lBody’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells

l5-10% of all DM =

= lRisk factors may be auto-im= mune, genetic or environmental

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Gestational Diabetes

DM in women during pregnancy:

lIncreased percentage of obe= se women and family history of= DM lNeed DM control in order to= avoid complications in newborn infants l20-50% GDM will have potential type II DM in the next 5-10 years

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Pro-active Management

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lSet Goals

lBecome Diet Conscious

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lExercise Regularly

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lTake Medications

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lPerform Self-testing

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lEducation

lLearn how to better control stress

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lBlood sugar level

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lFasting (80 - 120)

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lPost meal (160)

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lHbA1c (7%)

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lBlood pressure

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lBody weight

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lLipid level

<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>lEye examinations

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Hemoglobin A1c Value

lDefinition

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.02%;top:.22em'>l2-3 month blood sugar level average

lTarget number(< 7.0) = ;

lSet a goal

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.41%;top:.22em'>lPerform testing every 3-4 months

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.0%;top:.22em'>lAdjust prescribed medicatio= n dosage

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Glucose Monitoring

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.42%;top:.22em'>lRegular blood glucose monitoring

lUrine glucose monitoring &#= 13;

lKetone testing <= /span>

lLearn proper use of BGM = ;

lMatch code number

lUse control solution (confi= rm ‘freshness’ of the strip) <= /span>

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Good Blood Sugar Control <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:18.5%;left:8.42%;width:83.14%;height:8.5%'>= May Decrease Risks <= /span>

lHeart disease

lStroke

lKidney disease

lEye disease

lBlindness

lNerve damage

lAmputation

lCirculation problems

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Nutrition (Meal Planning)

lConsult a dietitian

lFind standard body weight by height =

lKnow your average daily calorie <= /span>needs

lUnderstand carbohydrates, proteins and fats =

lMenu exchange method

lMedicinal nutrition therapy = ; &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp;

l<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>

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The Food Pyramid

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.96%;top:.22em'>lLearn about the different f= ood groups

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.26%;top:.22em'>lRecommended number of servi= ngs

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.53%;top:.22em'>lPortion sizes of each food group

lCalculate calories of each = food selection

lCalculate grams of glucose =

lKnow the sugar levels of fo= od in diet

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Food Label Reading

lMake healthy food choices&#= 13;

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.03%;top:.22em'>lBalance nutrients you need = each day

lServing sizes

lCalories (and those derived= from fat)

lSodium chloride (salt) =

lCarbohydrate, protein and f= at

lCholesterol

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Glycemic Index

lA scale that ranks = carbohydrate-rich foods by glycemic response =

lHigher GI foods raise BGL quickly

lLower GI foods are healthier

lLow GI foods(= <55) - oat bran bread and

peanuts (10) lMedium GI foods – raisins and brown rice lHigh GI foods= – jellybeans, i= ce cream, cubed sugar, glucose (100)

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Low-Fat Diets

lMay prevent heart disease & cancer

lHelp weight loss

lReduce red meat intake

lUse less fat and oil

lChoose healthier oils (i.e., olive and canola = oils)

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lChoose foods that are baked, broiled or

steamed, and not fried

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Restaurant Meals

lCalories =

lSugar

lFat ( Triglyceride, Cholesterol)

lSodium

lCarbohydrates

lProtein <= /div>

lFiber

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Exercise

lHelps keep weight down =

lInsulin works better to low= er sugar level

lGood for heart and lungs= 3;

lProvides more energy

lReduces stress levels <= /span>

lCandy as a snack for low BS= L

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Medications

lOral medication

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lSulfonylureas (Glyburide & Glipizide)

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>lMeglitinides (Repaglinide & Nateglinide)

lBiguanides (Metformin)