What Should I Eat
How Much Should I Eat
When Should I Eat


1. Impotance of diet

Diet is most important part of controlling Diabetes and keep continually remind though out the lifetime. If the patient want to know about diet simply , first , avoid the food rising sugar level fast after consumption.

For example, avoid taking the food contain sugar, like soda pop, donut and the food that digest fast like soup, powder food, noodle etc and fewer fiber contain food like white rice or juice etc.

Next, the patient has to remember to eat variety food. There are 5-6 different kind of food group, make each meal contain different kind of food group :

For example,
2-3 units of carbohydrate group and 2-3 units of meat group and 1 unit of milk, 1 unit of fruit and 1 unit of vegetable
Three times a day above each meal make 1500- 1800 calories per day.
If the patient want to know more information , keep continually read following.

2. Nutrition

Many people think having diabetes means you can't eat sugar. That's partially correct. True, sugars and starches cause blood glucose to rise, but so do all foods- means, dairy products, fruits, or juices. So in fact, you need to limit portions of all foods. You may be wondering what you can eat - or wondering if you need to cook separate meals for yourself and your family,etc.

Ask your doctor to refer you to a registered dietitian or a diabetes nutrition specialist. Dietitian can answer these and other questions for you. Fortunately the meal plan we want you to follow is the same one we suggest for all Americans.

3. Guidelines

1) Lighten Up !
It's important for all of us to work toward a reasonable body weight by increasing our physical activities and cutting back on the amount of food we eat. In general, weight loss improves blood pressure and blood fat(Cholesterol and triglyceride) levels. In people with diabetes, losing weight can improve blood glucose levels.

2) Team Up with Carbohydrates.
Eat more starches, fiber, and naturally occurring sugars. Use fewer refined and processed sugars. The goal is to avoid as many of the refined sugars and sweets as possible and use more foods containing starch(complex carbohydrate), fiber and naturally occurring sugars.

3) Trim fat. Lean toward lean.
Reduce the amount of fat and cholesterol in your diet(especially saturated fat). To do this choose foods low in fat and cholesterol. Not only is fat high in calories, but a diet high in fat also greatly increases our risk for heart disease and heart attacks. All Americans are at risk for heart disease, but the risk is greater for persons with diabetes.

4) Shake the salt habit
Limit salt in cooking, do not add salt to foods at the table, and avoid salty snacks. Choose more fresh foods and fewer, processed and fast foods. A diet high in salt, obesity and an inherited tendency increase the risk of developing high blood pressure. People with diabetes are at a greater risk for developing high blood pressure. So it is important to reduce as many of the risk factors as possible.

5) Emphasize variety.
"Variety is the spice of life." This is a good way to be sure that you will not have too much or too little of any of the vitamins or minerals your body needs. A variety of foods contributes to good health -and to good taste.

4. How many calories do you need ?

First, you need to determine your desirable body weight (DBW)
using this formular :

1) Women: 100 pounds for the first five feet, 5 pounds for each additional inch
2) Men: 106 pounds for the first five feet, 6 pounds for each additional inch

- Add 10% for a large body frame: subtract 10% for a small body frame

* Here's an example of how to find your desirable body weight.

Mary is 5'6" tall, and her frame is average: her desirable body weight is 130.
100 lbs + 30 lbs( 6 inches X 5 lbs per inch)

Figure your desirable body weight and record it here. (________________)

Next determine the number of calories you need to maintain your DBW :

- 15 calories per pound of DBW for active men or very active women.
- 13 calories per pound of DBW for active women and sedentary men and individuals over age 55
- 10 calories per pound of DBW for sedentary very obese individuals or chronic dieters.

* Example: Bob is 57 years old. His DBW is 173 pounds and he is active.
Because he is over 55, he uses 13 calories per pound as his guide.
He needs 2250 calories per day to maintain his DBW.
173 X 13 = 2249 (2250)

Figure your daily calories requirement and record it here.
(_______) DBW x (_____) Calories per pound = (______) Daily calorie requirement

Now, to lose weight you must burn more fuel(measured in calories) than you eat. One pound of body fat contains approximately 3500 calories.
To lose one pound, you will need to eat 3500 fewer calories or increase your activity to burn more of the calories you eat. Cut down 500 calories per day from your daily calorie needs to lose a pound per week.

Bob, in the example above, needs 1750 calories per day to lose one pound of fat per week.

2250-500 = 1750

Figure your daily caloric requirement to lose weight.
(_______) Calorie requirement - (__________) less the calorie to lose weight = (________________)Weight loss requirement

The lowest number of calories recommended for women is 1200 calories per day.
Men need a minimum of 1500 calories per day. To lose weight faster than one pound per week without the danger of eating too few calories, increase the amount of exercise you do.
This allows you to eat adequate amounts of food and still lose weight.

5. What can I eat ?

Once you know how many calories you need, the next step is to decide what and how much food to eat for meals and snacks. One way to do this is to set up a meal plan using the "exchange" system.

In the exchange system similar foods are grounded together. Each group includes foods that are similar in carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories when you choose them in the amounts listed.

Your meal plan tells you how many servings to choose from each group for your meals and snacks. It is like a "budget" that guides you in "spending" the calories for each day.

For example, if you plan 2 starch exchanges at breakfast,
you might choose 1 slice of toast and 1/2 cup of hot cereal, or you might choose 1 cup of hot cereal (2 starch exchanges) and no toast.
You could also choose 2 English muffin halves (2 starch exchanges) and no cereal.

* Calorie Content Guide

Food Group	Serving Size	Calories
1. Starch/Bread	1 slice bread 1/2 cup pasta, starchy vegetable, potato, 1/2 to 3/4 cup cereal, 4 or 6 crackers	80
2. Meat/substitute	1 oz cooked lean meat(poulty,fish,lean beef, canned ham) 1/4 cup cottage cheese	55
	1 oz cooked medium fat meat(beef or pork roast, steak, lean ground beef), liver, 1 egg	75
3. Vagetable(non-starchy)	1/2 cup cooked, 1 cup raw	25
4. Fruit	1/2 cup canned orfrozen without sugar 1 medium serving of fresh 1 cup melon or berries 1/4 cup dried fruit	60
5. Milk	8 oz skim or low fat milk 8 oz plain low fat yogurt	90
6. Fat	1 teaspoon margarine oil or mayonnaise 1 tablespoon salad dressing(French or Italian)	45