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 Complication 1
Complication 2
[ Complication 1 ]
1. Chronic Complication
There are 3 diseases that are controllable, but not curable: Blood pressure, Diabetes, and Glaucoma. These diseases cannot be treated with surgery but can be monitored using various tests.
If Diabetic patients do not regularly monitor themselves, they run the risk of diabetic complications that cannot be reversed or treated. Ratinopathy, the eruption of small blood vessels in the eye, is a common complication for diabetics. For retinopathy, there are no warning signs before the aggravation of this condition. Complications can even lead to blindness.
Next worrisome complication for diabetics is neuropathy. Some symptoms of neuropathy are pain or numbness in the fingertips and gradual loss of their sensory functions. Patients with neuropathy risk amputation due to the weakened state of their immune system, leaving them unable to fight infections effectively.
Nephropathy also places the patient's kidneys at risk. If the kidney fail once, it does not revert back to normal even though the patient better manages their condition. Defective kidneys that lack protein albumin induces high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.
If the situation worsens, the patient may require kidney dialysis.
Many other complications come from the patient's weakened immune system. One area is the development of fungal or bacterial infections in their skin, especially around the feet.
Foot care is an important part in controlling diabetes. Female patients often experience problems with itching, pain, or urinal incontinence because of vaginal yeast infections, fungal infections, or bladder infections.
The stomach contains many nerves throughout it which control digestion, and can cause indigestion or insufficient bowel movement if the nerves are not working properly. The brain needs only glucose to function properly. However, high or low glucose levels can hinder normal brain functions, which can possibly lead to brain damage. Patients with diabetes can also experience low blood circulation and weakened nerve activity, which decreases oxygen circulation to the body and the cell's function can be shrunk.
 
* Diabetic Complication
| Microvascular disease |
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
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Blindness), Glaucoma, Catarac
Kidney faillure
Gangern
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| Macrovascular disease |
Coronary Artery Disease
Stroke
Peripheral vascular Disease
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high blood pressure,high lipid
gangren
Amputation
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** Prevention of Diabetic complication
1) Once diagnosed as a diabetic, the patient should stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverage.
2) Control blood pressure and cholesterol, triglyceride so that one can be as normal as possible.
3) Check blood sugar level regularly to be as normal as possible.
4) Check Hemoglobin A1C test every 3-4 months to be as normal as possible.
5) Visit the Doctor,eye doctor, and foot doctor regularly.
2. Acute Complication
1) Hypoglycemia(Low Blood sugar level):
There are many diabetic patients who have experienced low sugar level symptoms even while maintaining good control of their diabetes. Major symptoms of hypoglycemia include chills, trembling, cold sweats and feelings of urgency. To solve this problem, take in foods containing sugar, such as orange juice,candy, lifesaver, or sugar tablet, as quickly as possible.
The cause of hypoglycemia include taking too much diabetic medication, excessive exercise, or skipping meals. If low sugar level symptom patients are not treated properly, they might fall into the second stage of hypoglycemia, which includes not talking or falling into unconsciousness. When this happens, someone has to call the ambulance to get help or the patient can inject Glucagon if it is available.
2) Hyperglycemia ( high sugar level):
High sugar level symptoms are not as urgent as low sugar level symptoms, It can be increase the amount of urine, dryness in the mouth and hunger.
High sugar level symptoms may also include sudden weight loss and blurred vision. If patients continue to maintain high sugar levels, a serious and potentially life threatening acute complication known as diabetic ketoacidosis may occur.
Patients have to find the cause of their high sugar level and treat it as quickly as possible. Possible causes include diet, medication dosage, exercise or stress, etc.
[ Complication 2 ]
* Foot Care
Diabetic patients must implement foot care daily because a small wound can easily spread and cause an ulcer, gangrene or a serious complication, leading to possible amputation.
If the patient has high blood sugar level, a cardiovascular disease, and /or poor blood circulation, his/her immune system will not function to its full potential to fight against bacteria, and thus making the patient more susceptible to infection and skin problems. For this reason, it is imperative that patients control their sugar level or they will become more vulnerable to infections that take longer than normal to heal.
Eventually, the patient will have to undergo amputation.
Diabetic patients that have already had complications, such as neuropathy, cardio-vascular disease, have needed special attention regarding foot care.
Below are some helpful tips for proper foot care.
1. Check feet daily for scars,wound or fungal infections.
2. Do not leave feet too moist or too dry. Wash the foot daily with warm water and keep always clean. Apply lotion through the foot and not to dry or skin rupture.
3. Do not place feet near highly heated areas. Diabetic patient lack sensitivity towards extreme temperatures and can easily get burned or frostbitten.
4. Cut toenails after washing feet, when they are soft and smooth. Cut the nails straight across rather than in a circular direction to prevent any damage to the skin. Do not cut too deeply into the toenail. If you see any unusual reactions in your feet, do not hesitate to contact your physician.
5.Avoid big or small shoes, high heels, or shoes that leave little room for toes . These shoes often cause foot corns or thick muscles to develop. Do not use OTC medicine or knives to fix your corns or thick muscles. Ask your physician to take care of it.
6. If your feet are not very sensitive to feeling, it is better not to go barefoot or wear sandals. These shoes are not stable and can easily cause harm to the feet.
7. In order to gain better blood circulation, do not wear belts, girdles, corsets, etc. Also, avoid tight socks or bands and nylon products. Instead, use soft cotton products. When sitting in a chair for a long period of time, feel free to move your feet as much as you can.
8.In order to improve blood circulation, smokers must quit smoking right away.
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